Fairness is central to the ethical and responsible development and use of AI systems, with a large number of frameworks and formal notions of algorithmic fairness being available. However, many of the fairness solutions proposed revolve around technical considerations and not the needs of and consequences for the most impacted communities. We therefore want to take the focus away from definitions and allow for the inclusion of societal and relational aspects to represent how the effects of AI systems impact and (...) are experienced by individuals and social groups. In this paper, we do this by means of proposing the ACROCPoLis framework to represent allocation processes with a modeling emphasis on fairness aspects. The framework provides a shared vocabulary in which the factors relevant to fairness assessments for different situations and procedures are made explicit, as well as their interrelations. This enables us to compare analogous situations, to highlight the differences in dissimilar situations, and to capture differing interpretations of the same situation by different stakeholders. (shrink)

El presente artículo busca analizar la complejidad de la categoría del sujeto en la obra de Michel Foucault. Para ello, argumentaremos, en un primer momento, que la “muerte del hombre”, anunciada en Les mots et les choses (1966), no implica una “cancelación del sujeto” en el periodo arquelógico y genealógico, como argumentan Jürguen Habermas y Axel Honneth, y poco despues, un “retorno del sujeto” en L ́usage des plaisirs y Le souci de soi (1984). Esta lectura convencionalmente aceptada, será cuestionada, (...) con el concepto de “sujeto decentrado”, el cual nos permitirá superar la errónea división hermenéutica que hay entre la “muerte del sujeto” y posteriormente su “retorno”. (shrink)

Trait emotional intelligence (“trait EI”) concerns our perceptions of our emotional abilities, that is, how good we believe we are in terms of understanding, regulating, and expressing emotions in order to adapt to our environment and maintain well-being. In this article, we present succinct summaries of selected findings from research on (a) the location of trait EI in personality factor space, (b) the biological underpinnings of the construct, (c) indicative applications in the areas of clinical, health, social, educational, organizational, and (...) developmental psychology, and (d) trait EI training. Findings to date suggest that individual differences in trait EI are a consistent predictor of human behavior across the life span. (shrink)

Tailoring assistive systems for guiding and monitoring an individual in daily living activities is a complex task. This paper presents ALI, an assistive system combining a formal possibilistic argumentation system and an informal model of human activity: the Cultural-Historic Activity Theory, facilitating the delivery of tailored advices to a human actor. We follow an activity-centric approach, taking into consideration the human’s motives, goals and prioritized actions. ALI tracks a person in order to I) determine what activities were performed over a (...) period of time (activity recognition tracking), and II) send personalized notifications suggesting the most suitable activities to perform (decision-making monitoring). The ALI system was evaluated in a formative pilot study related to promote social activities and physical exercise. (shrink)

In recent years, the European Union has advanced towards responsible and sustainable Artificial Intelligence (AI) research, development and innovation. While the Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy AI released in 2019 and the AI Act in 2021 set the starting point for a European Ethical AI, there are still several challenges to translate such advances into the public debate, education and practical learning. This paper contributes towards closing this gap by reviewing the approaches that can be found in the existing literature and (...) by interviewing 11 experts across five countries to help define educational strategies, competencies and resources needed for the successful implementation of Trustworthy AI in Higher Education (HE) and to reach students from all disciplines. The findings are presented in the form of recommendations both for educators and policy incentives, translating the guidelines into HE teaching and practice, so that the next generation of young people can contribute to an ethical, safe and cutting-edge AI made in Europe. (shrink)

En 1941, deux ans après la fin de la guerre civile, le gouvernement espagnol a signé un accord avec le St-Siège par lequel le Chef de l’État, le Général Francisco Franco, intervenait directement dans la nomination des évêques et des archevêques diocésains. L’accord a été inclus dans le Concordat de 1953, qui a scellé les relations de coopération entre les deux États. Après le Concile Vatican II, le pape Paul VI a personnellement demandé au Général de renoncer à ce privilège, (...) mais Franco refusa, subordonnant son renoncement à une révision totale du Concordat. Le Roi Juan Carlos Ier a renoncé à ce privilège quelques mois après son couronnement ; ainsi les relations Église-État, compliquées pendant les dernières années du franquisme, se sont normalisées.In 1941, two years after the end of the civil war, the Spanish government signed an accord with the Holy See under which the Head of State, General Francisco Franco, intervened directly in the nomination of diocesan Bishops and Archbishops. The accord was included in the Concordat of 1953, which cemented cooperative relations between the two States. After Vatican Council II, Pope Paul VI personally asked the General to renounce the privilege, but Franco refused, linking his renouncement to a total revision of the Concordat. King Juan Carlos I renounced the privilege a few months after his coronation, thus normalizing Church-State relations, complicated during the last years of Francoism.1941, zwei Jahre nach dem Ende des Bürgerkrieges, unterzeichnete die spanische Regierung ein Abkommen mit dem Heiligen Stuhl, durch das der Staatschef, General Francisco Franco, direkt an der Ernennung der Diözesanbischöfe und -erzbischöfe beteiligt wurde. Die Übereinkunft wurde in das Konkordat von 1953 eingefügt, das die Kooperationsbeziehungen zwischen den beiden Staaten besiegelte. Nach dem Zweiten Vatikanischen Konzil hat Papst Paul VI. den General persönlich gebeten, auf dieses Privileg zu verzichten, doch Franco lehnte ab und ordnete seinen Verzicht einer umfassenden Revision des Konkordats unter. König Juan Carlos I. hat schon wenige Monate nach seiner Krönung auf dieses Privileg verzichtet, so dass sich die in den letzten Jahren des Francoregimes schwierig gewordenen Beziehungen zwischen Kirche und Staat normalisierten. (shrink)

Norms have been widely enacted in human and agent societies to regulate individuals’ actions. However, although legislators may have ethics in mind when establishing norms, moral values are only sometimes explicitly considered. This paper advances the state of the art by providing a method for selecting the norms to enact within a society that best aligns with the moral values of such a society. Our approach to aligning norms and values is grounded in the ethics literature. Specifically, from the literature’s (...) study of the relations between norms, actions, and values, we formally define how actions and values relate through the so-called value judgment function and how norms and values relate through the so-called norm promotion function. We show that both functions provide the means to compute value alignment for a set of norms. Moreover, we detail how to cast our decision-making problem as an optimisation problem: finding the norms that maximise value alignment. We also show how to solve our problem using off-the-shelf optimisation tools. Finally, we illustrate our approach with a specific case study on the European Value Study. (shrink)

The ideas here sketched they constitute a theoretical-general, inspired proposal of character, mainly, in the thought philosophical Latin American of such authors as: Paulo will Fry, Juan Carlos Scannone, Enrique Dussel and Alejandro Moreno among others. We consider that the answers around the..

AI research is being challenged with ensuring that autonomous agents learn to behave ethically, namely in alignment with moral values. Here, we propose a novel way of tackling the value alignment problem as a two-step process. The first step consists on formalising moral values and value aligned behaviour based on philosophical foundations. Our formalisation is compatible with the framework of (Multi-Objective) Reinforcement Learning, to ease the handling of an agent’s individual and ethical objectives. The second step consists in designing an (...) environment wherein an agent learns to behave ethically while pursuing its individual objective. We leverage on our theoretical results to introduce an algorithm that automates our two-step approach. In the cases where value-aligned behaviour is possible, our algorithm produces a learning environment for the agent wherein it will learn a value-aligned behaviour. (shrink)

La migración internacional nos enfrenta con problemas irresolubles desde la figura moderna del Estado nacional, su concepto de ciudadanía y su noción de justicia. Juan Carlos Velasco critica las limitaciones y la orientación de las políticas contemporáneas que nos hacen percibir a la migración como una “invasión”, y propone un modo radicalmente diferente de entender e intervenir el fenómeno desde lo trasnacional. Nacer de uno u otro lado de una línea divisoria es un evento azaroso, no obstante delimitar (...) la frontera es una construcción histórico-política: la desigualdad en las oportunidades que ofrecen las naciones es una situación estructural de injusticia que se perpetúa con las políticas de exclusión de los migrantes y la deslegitimación de su derecho a buscar una vida mejor. Esa circunstancia genera fracturas sociales, injustificables pero normalizadas, que imposibilitan alcanzar la justicia global. Velasco presenta un análisis completo que abarca las dimensiones política, jurídica y moral del tema, en el que lleva a la filosofía política a un terreno práctico del que se desprenden las claves para entender y actuar en esta nueva era en la que, debido a los conflictos sociales y políticos, la migración vuelve a ser argumento de discusión relevante. (Texto de la CONTRAPORTADA del libro). (shrink)

[Winner of the 2025 APA Essay Prize in Latin American Thought.] In this paper, I explain why influential early 20th century Mexican philosopher Antonio Caso’s effort to inaugurate aesthetics in Mexico represents a watershed moment in the history of aesthetics. I chart the evolution of Caso’s understanding of aesthetics throughout his career, detail the role it plays in his systematic philosophy, and discuss how philosophers today have much to gain from engaging with his aesthetics. In Section 1, I demonstrate that (...) in his early career, Caso advances an anti-individualist aesthetics well ahead of its time. In Section 2, I discuss the theory of aesthetic disinterest developed in the 1925 Principios de estética, articulating its contribution to Caso’s philosophical system and to the history of aesthetics. In Section 3, I turn to the final edition of the Existencia, where Caso argues that, without the ability to recognize aesthetic value, human beings cannot recognize or realize moral value. (shrink)

Sanchez and Sanchez have selected, edited, translated, and introduced some of the most influential texts in Mexican philosophy, which constitute a unique and robust tradition that will challenge and complicate traditional conceptions of philosophy. The texts collected here are organized chronologically and represent a period of Mexican thought and culture that emerged from the Mexican Revolution of 1910 and which culminated in la filosofia de lo mexicano (the philosophy of Mexicanness). Though the selections reflect on a variety of (...) philosophical questions, collectively they represent a growing tendency to take seriously the question of Mexican national identity as a philosophical question--especially given the complexities of Mexico's indigenous and European ancestries, a history of colonialism, and a growing dependency on foreign money and culture. More than an attempt to describe the national character, however, the texts gathered here represent an optimistic period in Mexican philosophy that aimed to affirm Mexican culture and philosophy as a valuable, if not urgent, contribution to universal culture. (shrink)

Typically, existentialist analyses of “America” have been limited to North America (more specifically, the United States). I argue that developing an adequate framework for existentially analyzing America requires a turn to Mexican existentialism. In Emilio Uranga’s and Jorge Portilla’s writings, we discover new conceptual tools for understanding Americanness as such. These thinkers help us imagine an account of American being that does not restrict itself to the United States by using the concepts of existentialism to describe the crises their neighbors (...) to the north as well as they themselves face. American existence has been historically characterized by a convergence (oftentimes clash) of disparate races, ethnicities, languages, cultures, religions, and identities. As history unfolded, this convergence led to various existential crises across the Americas. Whereas the US American way of life is marred by a blustering, naïve, and purposeless misuse of freedom that disregards the other, the existential crisis the Mexican lives is characterized by “accidentality” and “zozobra.” Despite these important differences, all existentialists, and the Mexican existentialists of the Hyperion Group especially, remind us that there is a common way to overcome the various existential crises plaguing the Americas, and that is to exercise freedom in a purposeful, communally conscious manner. (shrink)

In this article, I argue that, contrary to scholarly consensus, Antonio Caso draws inspiration from important principles and ideas from Kant’s philosophy in his critique of positivism. I first examine the prima facie textual reasons why someone might believe that Caso and Kant are philosophical enemies. To contradict this notion, I proceed by noting and developing three core ideas that the two share in common. First, Caso and Kant are both ardent critics of dogmatic philosophizing. Second, both Caso and Kant (...) carve out special room for intuition in their respective accounts of cognition, resisting the idea that the understanding has a more prominent role in the formation of knowledge. Third, Kant’s doctrine of aesthetic judgment paves the way for Caso’s de-intellectualized aesthetics. In the end, we see that Kant and Caso are closer to being philosophical friends than enemies. (shrink)

[Winner of the 2024 Review of Metaphysics dissertation essay contest.] In the Critique of the Power of Judgment—Kant’s seminal work on teleology—Kant never once mentions the philosopher who is widely credited with inventing teleology, namely, Aristotle. To make matters worse, when Kant does survey and critique available views on natural teleology throughout the history of philosophy, he seems to completely overlook Aristotle’s teleology. While this may lead us to surmise that Kant was either indifferent towards or ignorant of Aristotle’s teleology, (...) the author argues that it is possible to read Kant as advancing a version of Aristotle’s natural teleology—a version, of course, that respects the limits drawn by Kant’s transcendental philosophy. Moreover, our investigation into Kant’s Aristotelianism reveals a new way of explaining the organism without rendering it a convenient fiction or dogmatically asserting its reality. In the end, our exercise of situating Aristotle in Kant’s account of natural teleology reveals that omission is sometimes a high form of intellectual flattery. (shrink)

Throughout his long career, Habermas has critically appropriated pragmatist motifs, borrowings that are visible in different aspects of his philosophy and, in particular, in his conception of the public sphere and democracy. This intellectual debt, especially that which Habermas owes to Dewey, has, however, been little heeded in the secondary literature on the German philosopher and sociologist's thought. This article seeks to highlight the common elements that bind the two authors together, without concealing the distance that separates them.

El propósito principal de este libro es mostrar hasta qué punto el pensamiento teórico de Habermas está animado por un fuerte aliento práctico, más concretamente práctico-político, con el que concretaría el muy ilustrado propósito de hacer uso público de la razón. De hecho, la intencionalidad práctica de su pensamiento es tan destacada que el conjunto de su obra se entiende mucho mejor si se la concibe, tal como él mismo insiste, como un intento de guiar con una finalidad emancipatoria el (...) camino de la praxis, o, si se prefiere, de orientar racionalmente la acción política en las sociedades contemporáneas. (shrink)

Though laughter and smiles are a part of our everyday lives, they are not always used appropriately. We need to learn how to laugh, to educate our sense of humor. This book is a meditation on humor in general, the humor we deploy and perceive on a day-to-day basis, and on the ethical dimensions that underpin it. It puts forward a new ethical theory, placing humor at the Archimedean point from which to further our understanding as moral subjects, offering explanations (...) as to our moral conduct and pointing the way towards ethical improvement as both individuals and as a group. After defining what humor is and portraying the current state of play among experts on the subject, the author sets out based on the major contributions made by the great philosophers. Then, taking in such fundamental ethical categories as moral sentiment, virtue, duty, capacity and responsibility, he puts forward his own ethical theory (what he refers to as the ethics of humor), based on both linguistic and biological rational. He unveils a new medical/philosophical method: clinical ethics, capable of interpreting humor as a point where ethics and health intersect. This volume also points out various means by which this ethical theory might be brought to bear on fields such as healthcare, business, education, politics, the mass media and everyday life. Above all, it discovers the role that good humor has to play in health and the instruments used to measure it. Juan Carlos Siurana argues that good humor gives expression to freedom, is universal, and contains within itself the basis of a cross-cultural ethical approach, one that is well worth understanding and teaching. Given that humor crosses over into every dimension of our personal and professional lives, the book is aimed at a broad, multidisciplinary public (philosophers, medical practitioners, nurses, company executives, teachers, politicians, psychologists, journalists, etc.), as well as anyone with an interest in the various registers of humor. He offers both theoretical and practical tools for the ethical improvement of professions, organizations and the public at large. (shrink)

A prominent post-Kantian critique of Kant contends that Kant’s Critical philosophy is defensible only if his account of mental activity is grounded in life, subsequently denying that Kant grounds mental activities in life. I call this critique the inorganicism challenge. In what follows, I show that this challenge is neither extraneous nor vague, but must be taken seriously. I also show that Kant has the resources to rebut this challenge. In the first section, I contextualize the inorganicism challenge by demonstrating (...) that it stems from a long line of (what I call) anti-realist readings of Kant’s doctrine of purposiveness. In the second section, I illustrate how anti-realist views have animated inorganicist challengers. In the third section, I explain that Kant actually does reserve a deep role for life in his theory of mind. (shrink)

My dissertation defends a non-mechanistic interpretation of Kant’s philosophy of nature. Inspired by the picture of nature in the Critique of Pure Reason and Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science, most readers align Kant with Early Modern mechanists, who claim that we can know that the internally purposive form of causality characteristic of organisms has no place in nature. To these mechanistic readers, Kant banishes internal purposiveness from nature. To moderate mechanistic interpreters, because we cannot know whether there are internally purposive (...) things in nature and we can demonstrate that mechanism applies to nature, Kant pushes us to believe that any seemingly internally purposive natural products will eventually be explained in mechanistic terms. To strong mechanistic interpreters, Kant gives us the tools to know that there is no room for the special kind of teleology organisms exhibit in nature. My non-mechanistic interpretation rejects this trend by arguing that Kant urges us to believe that the internally purposive activity characteristic of organisms exists in nature. Belief in this context is a firm, positive, and voluntary attitude that aligns with and serves a subject’s interests and ends, and that has implications for the subject’s rational action, assertion, and deliberation. Kant’s stated goal in the third Critique is to bridge the gulf between freedom and nature. My non-mechanistic interpretation offers a new account of how Kant promises to construct this bridge. (shrink)

In the early days of Christianity, cosmogonies were based on the Genesis account of creation combined with the theories of Middle Platonism regarding the supposed eternity of matter. The Setian Gnostics, on the other hand, drew on the medicine of their time to develop the myth of Fallen Wisdom, from which the cosmos was formed. In this regard, the Nag Hammadi texts belonging to this branch of Gnosticism reveal the use of technical language from the methodical school of medicine, with (...) an emphasis on the embryological and gynecological doctrines of Hippocrates, Aristotle, and Galen. (shrink)

[EN] In this article the question of cultural diversity as it appears in the perspective of a republican conception of citizenship is discussed within three steps: in a first step, the ambiguous sense of the notion «citizenship» and its recently accelerated evolution will be presented; in a second step, the general features of the neo-republican approach will be outlined; and finally, the chances offered by a relecture of the republican topics with regard to an integration of the plurality of cultures (...) and ways of life, which coexist within the complex contemporary societies and which base on migration processes, will be brought to mind. [ES] En este artículo se aborda la cuestión de la diversidad cultural contemplada desde la concepción republicana de la ciudadanía en tres pasos: en el primero, se presenta el sentido polisémico de la noción de ciudadanía y la acelerada evolución que ha experimentado en los últimos tiempos; en un segundo paso, se ofrecen los rasgos generales que caracterizan el enfoque neorrepublicano; y, finalmente, se da cuenta de las virtualidades que ofrece una relectura de los tópicos republicanos para integrar la pluralidad de culturas y formas de vida que conviven en las complejas sociedades contemporáneas a raíz de los procesos migratorios. (shrink)

Después de varias décadas de discusiones, críticas y revisiones, muchos autores han cuestionado hoy la vigencia de los planteamientos del constructivismo científico. Este texto muestra que sus principales planteamientos y legados siguen vigentes, aunque se han transformado en varias perspectivas que afirman la contingencia de la ciencia y la tecnología, en un sentido compatible con algunos puntos de vista realistas, y en las que se valora la acción conjunta, la co-construcción o el ensamble mutuo entre varios elementos y factores heterogéneos. (...) De esta manera, sigue siendo una de las principales perspectivas epistemológicas y metafísicas en las ciencias sociales y naturales. Las transformaciones que se han producido en relación con el constructivismo tienen que ver fundamentalmente con algunos cambios en la forma de entender la construcción: se han colocado límites a las intenciones políticas críticas, deconstructivas de la construcción, y al sentido monista, y sustancialista social; y se ha producido un giro ontológico hacia un sentido plural, relacional, y positivo de construcción. En este texto se hace una detallada revisión crítica del origen, el sentido, los aportes, los malentendidos y los problemas del constructivismo científico tecnológico, con el propósito de analizar su evolución, o la manera cómo ha devenido y se ha transformado en otros puntos punto de vista, como lo sugiere el título. (shrink)

Second person intentional relations, involving intentional activities directed at the perceptor, are qualitatively different from first and third person relations. They generate a peculiar, bidirectional kind of intentionality, especially in the realm of visual perception. Systems specialized in dealing with this have been selected by evolution. These systems can be considered to be the evolutionary precursors to the human theory of mind.

This chapter introduces and discusses the concepts that are in-depth articulated in the volume. International migration is presented here as a test bench where the normative limits of institutional order, its contradictions and internal tensions are examined. Migrations allows to call into question classical political categories and models. Pointing at walls and fences as tools that reproduce enormous inequalities within the globalized neo-liberal system, this chapter presents the conceptual tensions and contradictions between migration policies and global justice. We challenge the (...) conceptualization of justice as a relationship between citizens of the same country and the State and argue that, in our globalized world, nation-state cannot constitute the basic unit of the theories of justice. We argue that an integral approach that includes the complex and interconnected forms of structural inequalities and transcends the borders of national sovereign states is required. Avoiding the methodological nationalism and the exclusionary biases that inform current migration and border control policies, this chapter finally places attention on the most marginalized subjects of the migration chain: migrant women workers. We point out the importance of addressing transnational structural inequalities and bringing social reproduction to the center of global justice theories. (shrink)

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo demostrar que las características sintáctico-semánticas del antecedente y el tipo de relación retórica en la que aparecen el antecedente y el elemento fóricо son factores relevantes para la resolución anafórica realizada por la población infantil. Para comprobar esta hipótesis, se leyeron a sujetos de aproximadamente nueve años diferentes microtextos con dos posibles competidores con propiedades idénticas, con el fin de determinar cuál era el antecedente en un enunciado objetivo. Se realizó un ANOVA de medidas repetidas (...) para determinar diferencias significativas. Los resultados indican, por un lado, que los elementos fóricos con antecedentes animados se resuelven mejor que aquellos con antecedentes de cosa. Además, dentro de los antecedentes animados, los sintagmas nominales de animal se recuerdan mejor que los antroponímicos. Por otro lado, los elementos fóricos situados en relaciones retóricas de subordinación se resuelven mejor que en aquellos casos en los que el antecedente y el elemento fóricо aparecen en relaciones retóricas de coordinación. Finalmente, si ambos factores se tienen en cuenta simultáneamente, se obtienen resultados interesantes. (shrink)

Un mundo con “fronteras abiertas”, que no un “mundo sin fronteras”, aporta el marco institucional más propicio para el respeto de los derechos humanos y la instauración de la justicia distributiva a nivel planetario. En este artículo se argumenta a favor de esta tesis. El horizonte propuesto se compara con el actual estado de cosas, caracterizado por la obstrucción sistemática de la libre circulación de personas. Ante este panorama, y con el fin de afrontar de manera más integral la cuestión (...) de las migraciones internacionales, se señala la necesidad de adoptar una mirada cosmopolita. Mantener a la vista una opción situada más allá de lo realmente existente, que no de lo posible, resulta imprescindible para poder someter a una mirada crítica la inquietante perspectiva que nos presenta la movilidad humana como una potencial amenaza para el orden establecido. (shrink)

In this article, the author highlights the distinction between the volitional and henological language surrounding Schopenhauer's doctrine of the thing in itself and proposes the ramifications of this distinction. The most immediate association that comes when one thinks about Schopenhauer's thing in itself is Schopenhauer's identifying it with the will (Wille). From this follows Schopenhauer's characterization of the thing in itself as a blind striving, an aimless force that seems in constant movement, never satisfied—what the author calls the volitional account. (...) But when one reads attentively, one encounters another set of words associated with the thing in itself, words that link Schopenhauer to the tradition of Neoplatonism inaugurated by Plotinus. Schopenhauer also describes the thing in itself as simple, one, and unchanged. This the author calls the henological account. Accordingly, the thing in itself is not merely will but much more, namely, it is the ultimate reality. Grounded on the fact that Schopenhauer was an active reader of Plotinus, the author argues that the Enneads played a role in going from the thing in itself is will to the recognition that the thing in itself is the ultimate reality. The use of henological language to describe the thing in itself changes our conceptions about the thing in itself and challenges the role that Schopenhauer assigns it in his metaphysics. (shrink)

[Recipient of the 2024 Inter-American Philosophy Award] Philosophers have recently debated whether the social identity category "Latinx" picks out a race (Alcoff 2006), an ethnicity (Gracia 2008), or something else altogether (Arango and Burgos 2021). Rather than defending one or several of these ways of understanding US Latinx as a political or social group, my paper focuses on the personal social identity turmoil young US Latinx people feel and explores the history of inter-American thought to seek a remedy for it. (...) Three prominent American philosophers – José Martí, Alain Locke, and Emilio Uranga – combine to teach us that, while the US Latinx strives for belonging, they find themselves in a situation of unbelonging. The tension that results from the desire to belong but the reality of unbelonging produces a deep-seated anxiety that has come to characterize the US Latinx condition. I suggest that an effective tool for coping with this anxiety, affirming our identity, and building community is the activity of doing inter-American, Latin American, and Latinx Philosophy. (shrink)

Este ensayo rinde homenaje a la filosofía de Ricardo Sánchez Ortiz de Urbina explorando la noción de φρήν como núcleo del dinamismo intencional. El texto recorre seis momentos del pensamiento: desde el prólogo intencional, que plantea la fenomenología como un campo de resonancia activa, hasta la resonancia difusa de los conocimientos impropios; la aparición como atractor expone cómo la experiencia filosófica se enraíza en un flujo respiratorio de aperturas y cierres, entre el lenguaje y el arte, entre lo propio y (...) lo impropio. Resonancia elíptica describe el modo en que lo que aparece en el campo no es una copia ni una ilusión, sino una presencia escindida. Mientras que las circulaciones del campo intencional trazan una «geometría» especial fenomenológica de lo visible y lo decible. Finalmente, la epokhê se presenta como un gesto límite pero decisivo que permite liberar el φρήν del naturalismo y acceder a una forma radical de pensar que ya no se basa en estructuras eidéticas, sino en movimientos de reconfiguración experiencial. (shrink)

En este artículo se hace un recorrido por los principales autores clave en las relaciones entre psicoanálisis y fenomenología. Se comienza, con una revisión de las problemáticas epistemológicas con respecto a la intersubjetividad en Husserl y Dilthey, para luego llegar a Marleau-Ponty de la mano de Guy-Félix Duportail y sus posibles nexos con Lacan a parte de las posibles aportaciones y superación de los conflictos del creador de la fenomenología y el historicismo. A continuación, se llega al debate entre el (...) psicoanalista francés y Marc Richir, con objetivos a priori muy similares, pero con problemáticas, cuyas aporías podrían solucionarse en un estudio comparado entre ambos. En principio Lacan, aunque destaca el comienzo del temporalidad con el ingreso de la palabra al mismo tiempo que el surgir de lo simbólico; Richir en cambio, sitúa antes en un origen prelingüístico la constitución de los fenómenos a partir de la temporalidad originaria y la síntesis pasiva. Pero el riesgo del fenomenólogo valón es que su fenomenalización deja atrás el establecimiento de una teoría científica del conocimiento. (shrink)

This article examines the representation of violence in the fiction film as a means of engaging with identity and meaning through cathartic experiences. It argues that while real-world violence often lacks inherent purpose, cinematic violence acquires significance within a narrative framework that enables viewers to process complex emotions. Using the mirror trope, and with necessarily brief examples, the study suggests that films not only reflect societal and individual struggles but also actively shape viewers’ understanding of themselves and their ethical beliefs. (...) By connecting Aristotle’s concept of catharsis to contemporary theories of cinematic representation, the article reveals how cinema can transform discomforting portrayals of violence into opportunities for ethical and emotional reflection. The discussion highlights cinema’s dual role as both an art form and a critical space for exploring moral issues, inviting further research on the impact of on-screen violence across diverse cultural and demographic contexts. (shrink)

El autor propone, una breve introducción, donde destaca cómo conoció a Pelayo Pérez, destacando la influencia sobre este de Gustavo Bueno en su giro de la literatura hacia el materialismo filosófico, para aterrizar posteriormente en la obra de la fenomenología no estándar de Richir y el materialismo fenomenológico de Ricardo Sánchez Ortiz de Urbina. Destacamos uno de los mejores artículos de Pelayo Pérez «Gustavo Bueno versus Marc Richir» donde se resaltan las diferencias esenciales entre la eidética de Bueno y el (...) fenomenologismo de Richir. Se comentan también las influencias de Pelayo Pérez en el autor de este artículo en el plano intelectual y el vacío que deja con su muerte en aquellos que compartían con él intereses comunes filosóficos y, sobre todo, una gran amistad. (shrink)

The writings of Jürgen Habermas have aroused remarkable and sustained interest in Spain. They have exerted a strong intellectual influence not only in academic circles, but also among large parts of the general public, which is surprising given their complexity and rather technical nature. Spanish readers have found elements in his work that constructively echo the changes taking place in their own society and around the world. Whether one strongly agrees or vehemently disagrees with his views, Habermas has become a (...) familiar figure in Spanish philosophy and social theory. This article presents the different contexts that have enabled the reception of his ideas, as well as the main actors whose work and thought have contributed to the spread of those ideas. (shrink)

This article presents an action-research project focused on addressing models of masculinity and femininity through the use of picture books about historical figures. The study aims to analyze the perceptions of two teachers who, together with an external researcher, design, implement, and evaluate two didactic sequences: one on Clara Campoamor and the other on Alan Turing. Both proposals are based on prior historical contextualization and the collective reading and interpretation of a picture book about the lives of these figures. The (...) research was carried out in a special focus public school, within the last years of Primary Education. The results highlight the importance of understanding the historical context of the historical figures, as well as the challenges involved in deconstructing with the students the traditional model of masculinity. (shrink)

The suppression of trade barriers and liberalization of financial flows inherent to the expansive dynamic of globalization have not extended to international flows of workers. To impede the free movement of workers, restrictive migratory policies have been implemented, and borders have been fortified with walls and fences. In the face of this widespread phenomenon, this chapter presents an alternative consisting of three steps. First, it is noted that in the current migratory context, borders play a key role in reproducing inequalities (...) between countries. Next, it is argued that given the incompatibility of this function with global justice, it is necessary to seek some remedy to put an end to the suffering caused by this structural injustice, a suffering that is endured by an immense number of people unlucky enough to have been born on the wrong side of a border. After presenting a conception of borders that, unlike walls, would enable the movements of people, finally, a scenario is proposed in which the rights of political membership would be reassigned in a cosmopolitan manner and in which borders would usually remain open. Although this does not entail a radical suppression of the aforementioned injustice, its implementation would contribute to not only its reduction but also to the compensation of victims. (shrink)

Este art.culo de los resultados de un proyecto de investigaci.n-creaci.n desarrollado entre 2021 y 2023, en el que se construy. un espacio de creaci.n colectiva con excombatientes del conflicto colombiano produciendo narraciones y piezas audiovisuales alrededor de lo animal dentro de la guerra. El proyecto se propuso explorar lo animal, no simplemente como un tema que permite escuchar historias in.ditas de la violencia, sino como un tropo complejo desde el cual personas que vivieron la guerra ficcionan su propia historia con (...) el fin de visibilizar, problematizar, o incluso tramitar su relaci.n con la violencia. Se parti. de comprender lo animal como tropo m.ltiple que permite pensar las disoluciones y reconfiguraciones de lo humano, m.s all. de un supuesto l.mite claramente identificable entre la animalidad y la humanidad. As., lo animal se mostr. como un potente lugar para construir nuevas comprensiones de la memoria de la guerra, visibilizando aspectos que en otros espacios podr.an parecer irrelevantes o no dignos de hacer parte de la memoria colectiva sobre la guerra. (shrink)